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Python SMTP邮件发送教程

更新时间：2024-01-02

Python SMTP邮件发送教程 - 简介

SMTP是指Simple Mail Transfer Protocol，即简单邮件传输协议，也称为电子邮件传输的标准协议。Python作为一种现代的高级编程语言，可以轻松地为开发人员提供SMTP邮件发送功能。本教程将介绍如何使用Python SMTP库发送电子邮件。首先，您需要设置SMTP服务器和您的电子邮件的信息，然后您可以使用Python来发送邮件。


import smtplib
 
smtp_server = "smtp.gmail.com"
port = 587  # For starttls
sender_email = "my@gmail.com"
receiver_email = "your@gmail.com"
password = input("Type your password and press enter: ")
message = """\
Subject: Hi there

This message is sent from Python."""

context = ssl.create_default_context()
with smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, port) as server:
    server.starttls(context=context)
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message)

Python SMTP邮件发送教程 - 获得访问权限

要使用SMTP发送电子邮件，您需要获得SMTP服务器的权限。这通常需要提供 SMTP服务器名称，端口号和用户名和密码。对于此示例，我们将使用Google SMTP服务器。要使用Google SMTP服务器，您需要访问Google账户，然后从其中激活SMTP访问。


import smtplib
 
smtp_server = "smtp.gmail.com"
port = 587  # For starttls
sender_email = "my@gmail.com"
receiver_email = "your@gmail.com"
password = input("Type your password and press enter: ")
message = """\
Subject: Hi there

This message is sent from Python."""

context = ssl.create_default_context()
with smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, port) as server:
    server.starttls(context=context)
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message)

Python SMTP邮件发送教程 - 发送文本和HTML消息

在电子邮件中，您可以发送普通文本消息，也可以发送HTML消息。在Python中，您可以使用HTML标记为电子邮件添加格式。要在Python中添加HTML标记，请使用MIMEText模块，并指定消息的格式为“html”。


import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['To'] = "whomsoever@example.com"
msg['Subject'] = "Test Email with attachment by Python."

body = MIMEText("Python SMTP Mail or Email with an attachment.
Find the Attachment.

Regards,
Your Name", "html")
msg.attach(body)

filename = "hello.txt"
filePath = "/File/Path/On/Your/OS/hello.txt"
with open(filePath, 'rb') as f:
    file_data = f.read()
attachment = MIMEApplication(file_data, name=filename)
attachment['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % filename
msg.attach(attachment)

with smtplib.SMTP(host=server['SMTP_HOSTNAME'], port=server['SMTP_PORT']) as smtp:
    smtp.starttls()
    smtp.login(username, password)
    smtp.send_message(msg)

Python SMTP邮件发送教程 - 打开多个附件

您可以在电子邮件中添加多个附件。为此，请在消息主体的附件部分中添加另一个文件。为了在电子邮件消息中添加多个附件，我们可以按以下方式修改前面示例中的Python代码。


import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['To'] = "whomsoever@example.com"
msg['Subject'] = "Test Email by Python."

body = MIMEText("Python SMTP Mail or Email with multiple attachments or files.
Find the attachments.

Regards,
Your Name", "html")
msg.attach(body)

attachments = ['file1.txt', 'file2.png', 'file3.docx']

for attachment in attachments:
    _, extension = attachment.split('.')
    file_path = os.path.abspath(attachment)
    with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
        file_data = f.read()
    attachment = MIMEApplication(file_data, _subtype=extension)
    attachment.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename=attachment)
    msg.attach(attachment)

with smtplib.SMTP(host=server['SMTP_HOSTNAME'], port=server['SMTP_PORT']) as smtp:
    smtp.starttls()
    smtp.login(username, password)
    smtp.send_message(msg)

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