怎么在CakePHP中使用多个数据库连接
更新时间：2023-12-23
CakePHP提供了简便的方法来使用多个数据库连接，这对大型系统或需要将数据存储到不同地理位置的应用程序非常有用。在这个教程中，我们将详细说明如何在CakePHP中使用多个数据库连接。
连接配置
首先，在config / database.php文件中设置多个数据库连接。在这个示例中，我们将设置两个连接：default和new_connection。以下是一个示例配置：
'default' => [
'className' => 'Cake\\Database\\Connection',
'driver' => 'Cake\\Database\\Driver\\Mysql',
'persistent' => false,
'host' => 'localhost',
/*
* CakePHP will use the default DB port based on the driver selected
* MySQL on MAMP uses port 8889, MAMP users will want to uncomment
* the following line and set the port accordingly
*/
//'port' => 'non_standard_port_number',
'username' => 'my_app',
'password' => 'secret',
'database' => 'my_app',
/*
* You do not need to set this flag to use full utf-8 encoding (internal and
* utf8mb4 charset). You only need to set this flag if you are connecting
* to a legacy database or non-native utf-8 character set.
*/
//'encoding' => 'utf8mb4',
'timezone' => 'UTC',
'flags' => [],
'cacheMetadata' => true,
'log' => false,
/*
* Set identifier quoting to true if you are using reserved words or
* special characters in your table or column names. Enabling identifier
* quoting will result in queries built using this connection using the
* identifier quoting syntax specific to the backend driver.
*/
'quoteIdentifiers' => false,
/*
* During development, if using MySQL < 5.6, uncommenting the
* following line could boost the speed at which schema metadata queries are
* executed. It can also be set directly with the mysql configuration
* directive 'innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0' in your my.cnf or my.ini file.
* See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_stats_on_metadata
*/
//'init' => ['SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0'],
],
'new_connection' => [
'className' => 'Cake\\Database\\Connection',
'driver' => 'Cake\\Database\\Driver\\Sqlite',
'database' => '/path/to/database.sqlite',
]
使用连接
一旦我们配置了多个连接，我们可以使用connectionManager类来访问它们。以下是一个示例，显示如何使用默认连接和新连接从数据库中检索数据：
use Cake\Database\Connection;
use Cake\Database\Query;
use Cake\Datasource\ConnectionManager;
// Get default connection
$connection = ConnectionManager::get('default');
// Get new_connection
$newConnection = ConnectionManager::get('new_connection');
// Execute queries
$query = new Query($connection);
$results = $query->select('*')->from('users')->execute();
$newQuery = new Query($newConnection);
$newResults = $newQuery->select('*')->from('posts')->execute();
在模型中使用多个连接
我们可以使用同样的方法在模型中使用多个数据库连接。当我们有一个模型需要访问另一个连接时，我们可以在模型类中指定所需的连接。
namespace App\Model\Table;
use Cake\ORM\Table;
class UsersTable extends Table
{
// Connection name
public static $connection = 'new_connection';
// Table initialize
public function initialize(array $config): void
{
// Use new_connection
$this->setConnection(static::$connection);
// Table initialization
}
}
