目前零基础python入门零基础python入门到精通PDF
更新时间:2023-10-28第一段:Python基础入门
对于零基础的Python学习者而言,必须先掌握Python的基本语法和核心概念。以下是一些基础代码示例:
# 输出Hello World print("Hello World") # 变量赋值与输出 message = "Python is amazing" print(message) # 字符串运算 first_name = "John" last_name = "Doe" full_name = first_name + " " + last_name print(full_name)
第二段:Python高级特性
在掌握Python基础语法后,需要进一步了解Python高级特性,如列表、字典、元组、函数等。以下是一些代码示例:
# 列表的基本操作 fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"] print(fruits[0]) # 输出apple fruits.append("pear") # 追加元素 print(fruits) # 输出['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'pear'] fruits.insert(1, "grape") # 插入元素 print(fruits) # 输出['apple', 'grape', 'banana', 'orange', 'pear'] # 字典的基本操作 person = {"name": "John", "age": 30, "gender": "male"} print(person["name"]) # 输出John person["job"] = "Engineer" # 添加元素 print(person) # 输出{'name': 'John', 'age': 30, 'gender': 'male', 'job': 'Engineer'} # 函数的定义和调用 def greet(name): print("Hello, " + name) greet("John") # 输出Hello, John
第三段:Python的面向对象编程
Python支持面向对象编程,可以使用类、继承、多态等特性。以下是一些代码示例:
# 类的定义和实例化 class Person: def __init__(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age p1 = Person("John", 30) print(p1.name) # 输出John # 继承的实现 class Student(Person): def __init__(self, name, age, grade): super().__init__(name, age) self.grade = grade s1 = Student("Jane", 20, "A") print(s1.name) # 输出Jane print(s1.grade) # 输出A # 多态的实现 class Animal: def make_sound(self): pass class Dog(Animal): def make_sound(self): print("Woof") class Cat(Animal): def make_sound(self): print("Meow") def animal_sound(animal): animal.make_sound() d = Dog() c = Cat() animal_sound(d) # 输出Woof animal_sound(c) # 输出Meow
第四段:Python的常用库和程序设计规范
在实际编程中,Python的各种库和程序设计规范也是必须掌握的。以下是一些代码示例:
# 异常处理 try: x = 1/0 except ZeroDivisionError: print("Error: division by zero") # 数据库操作 import sqlite3 conn = sqlite3.connect("example.db") c = conn.cursor() c.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER)") c.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", ("John", 30)) c.execute("SELECT * FROM users") print(c.fetchall()) conn.close() # 网络编程 import socket HOST = "localhost" PORT = 8000 with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s: s.bind((HOST, PORT)) s.listen() conn, addr = s.accept() with conn: print("Connected by", addr) while True: data = conn.recv(1024) if not data: break conn.sendall(data)
除此之外,还需遵循Python代码规范,如PEP8等,使代码易读易维护。