Go语言中的实时通信和RESTful架构
更新时间：2023-10-03段落一：Go语言中实时通信的基础知识
Go语言对实时通信有较好的支持，因为它本身是一种高并发的编程语言，同时也很容易使用goroutine和channel等机制来处理并发，这使得编写实时通信的应用变得非常简单。
下面是一个使用websocket协议进行实时通信的示例代码：
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)
var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
ReadBufferSize: 1024,
WriteBufferSize: 1024,
}
func handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
return
}
defer conn.Close()
for {
_, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
break
}
log.Printf("收到消息：%s\n", message)
err = conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, message)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
break
}
}
}
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/ws", handleWebSocket)
err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
段落二：RESTful架构的基础知识
RESTful架构是一种以资源为中心的架构风格，它强调对资源的操作，倡导使用URL来代表资源，使用HTTP协议的请求方式来对资源进行增删改查，这使得RESTful架构在Web应用开发中非常流行。
下面是一个使用Go语言编写的RESTful风格的Web应用示例：
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
)
type User struct {
ID int `json:"id,omitempty"`
Username string `json:"username,omitempty"`
Password string `json:"password,omitempty"`
}
var users []User
func getUsersEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
}
func getUserEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req)
for _, user := range users {
if strconv.Itoa(user.ID) == params["id"] {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(user)
return
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&User{})
}
func createUserEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
var user User
_ = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&user)
users = append(users, user)
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
}
func main() {
router := mux.NewRouter()
users = append(users, User{ID: 1, Username: "admin", Password: "admin"})
users = append(users, User{ID: 2, Username: "user1", Password: "user1"})
router.HandleFunc("/users", getUsersEndpoint).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", getUserEndpoint).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/users", createUserEndpoint).Methods("POST")
fmt.Println("服务启动...")
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}
段落三：Go语言中使用WebSocket实现聊天室
下面是一个使用WebSocket协议和Go语言实现简单聊天室的示例：
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"sync"
"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)
type Client struct {
conn *websocket.Conn
mtx sync.Mutex
}
var clients []*Client
func handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{}
conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
return
}
defer conn.Close()
client := &Client{conn: conn}
clients = append(clients, client)
for {
_, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
break
}
log.Printf("收到消息：%s\n", message)
for _, c := range clients {
if c != client {
c.mtx.Lock()
err = c.conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, message)
c.mtx.Unlock()
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
}
}
}
}
var newClients []*Client
for _, c := range clients {
if c != client {
newClients = append(newClients, c)
}
}
clients = newClients
}
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/ws", handleWebSocket)
err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
段落四：Go语言中使用RESTful架构实现用户管理
下面是一个使用RESTful架构和Go语言实现简单用户管理的示例：
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"log"
"net/http"
"strconv"
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
)
type User struct {
ID int `json:"id,omitempty"`
Username string `json:"username,omitempty"`
Password string `json:"password,omitempty"`
}
var users []User
func getUsersEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
}
func getUserEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req)
for _, user := range users {
if strconv.Itoa(user.ID) == params["id"] {
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(user)
return
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&User{})
}
func createUserEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
var user User
_ = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&user)
users = append(users, user)
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
}
func updateUserEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req)
for i, user := range users {
if strconv.Itoa(user.ID) == params["id"] {
users[i].Username = user.Username
users[i].Password = user.Password
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
return
}
}
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
}
func deleteUserEndpoint(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
params := mux.Vars(req)
var newUsers []User
for _, user := range users {
if strconv.Itoa(user.ID) != params["id"] {
newUsers = append(newUsers, user)
}
}
users = newUsers
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
}
func main() {
router := mux.NewRouter()
users = append(users, User{ID: 1, Username: "admin", Password: "admin"})
users = append(users, User{ID: 2, Username: "user1", Password: "user1"})
router.HandleFunc("/users", getUsersEndpoint).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", getUserEndpoint).Methods("GET")
router.HandleFunc("/users", createUserEndpoint).Methods("POST")
router.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", updateUserEndpoint).Methods("PUT")
router.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", deleteUserEndpoint).Methods("DELETE")
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}
