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怎么使用Python成员运算符进行元素检查

更新时间:2023-09-30

Python成员运算符简介

在 Python 中,成员运算符用于检查某个元素是否存在于序列中,序列可以是列表、元组或字符串。成员运算符包括 innot in


# 列表示例
my_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
if "apple" in my_list:
  print("Yes, 'apple' is in the list")
  
# 元组示例
my_tuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
if "apple" not in my_tuple:
  print("No, 'apple' is not in the tuple")
  
# 字符串示例
my_string = "hello world"
if "world" in my_string:
  print("Yes, 'world' is in the string")

在列表中检查是否存在重复元素

有时候我们需要检查列表中是否存在重复的元素,这时候就可以使用成员运算符。


my_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "banana"]
has_duplicates = False
for i in range(len(my_list)):
  if my_list[i] in my_list[i+1:]:
    has_duplicates = True
    break
if has_duplicates:
  print("The list has duplicates")
else:
  print("The list does not have duplicates")

在嵌套列表中检查元素是否存在

如果要在嵌套的列表中检查是否存在某个元素,需要使用嵌套的循环结构。


my_list = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
element_to_find = 5
found_element = False
for sublist in my_list:
  for element in sublist:
    if element == element_to_find:
      found_element = True
      break
  if found_element:
    break
if found_element:
  print("The element was found")
else:
  print("The element was not found")

检查字符串是否包含指定单词

我们可以使用成员运算符来判断字符串中是否包含某个单词。


my_string = "hello world"
word_to_find = "world"
if word_to_find in my_string:
  print("The word was found")
else:
  print("The word was not found")